LVM扩容
1、执行fdisk /dev/vda命令对磁盘剩余空间进行分区；当遇到Command (m for help):时输入n，表示新建分区；然后当需要输入时，直接按Enter键；当再次遇到Command (m for help):时输入w，表示写入保存。
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (20971520-104857599, default 20971520):
Using default value 20971520
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20971520-104857599, default 104857599):
Using default value 104857599
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 40 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.2、执行以下命令更新磁盘分区表
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# partprobe3、查看刚刚新建的分区，发现名字为vda3，大小为40G
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 458K 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─vda2 252:2 0 9G 0 part
│ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 8G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─vda3 252:3 0 40G 0 part4、使用vda3分区创建一个pv
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vda35、把/dev/vda3这个pv加入到centos这个vg中，此时vg的空间会增加40G
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vda36、查看centos这个vg的大小，发现为48.99G
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 48.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12542
Alloc PE / Size 2303 / <9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 10239 / <40.00 GiB
VG UUID JuOM4n-bUuZ-eSbn-33eU-Q01c-aXcC-8CMiMD7、扩展/dev/centos/root
在第6步中我们看到centos这个vg的总大小为48.99GiB，Free PE为10239 ，Free Size小于40.00GiB。我们把所有Free PE都加到/dev/centos/root这个lv下
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# lvextend -l +10239 /dev/centos/root注意：如果只是想把/dev/centos/root扩展到指定大小，比如40G，那么可以执行如下命令：
$ lvextend -L 40G /dev/centos/root8、执行以下命令使根目录生效
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# xfs_growfs /9、查看根目录大小
[root@host-192-168-60-16 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 47G 1.3G 46G 3% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.6M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 xfs 1014M 148M 867M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0Reference
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